Background
What is measured?
- Flow Mediated Skin Fluorescence (FMSF) is a technique based on the measurement of NADH fluorescence from skin tissue cells.
- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and its oxidized form (NAD+) play a crucial role in biological systems as redox coenzymes.
- The NADH/NAD+ pair is the carrier of electrons in the respiratory chain of each living cell.
- Although NADH emits significant fluorescence, this is not the case with NAD+.
- The fluorescence from NADH is the strongest component of the overall fluorescence emitted from human skin.
- The penetration depth of excitation light for NADH (340 nm) in skin tissue is low (about 0.5 mm), therefore a substantial fraction is absorbed by the epidermis and papillary dermis.
- In these skin regions, the density of blood microvessels is low and the changes in NADH fluorescence depend on the supply of oxygen diffused from deeper layers.
How is it measured?
- The FMSF technique measures changes in the intensity of NADH fluorescence from the skin on the forearm as a function of time, in response to blocking and releasing blood flow in the forearm.
- Blood flow in the forearm is blocked using a typical occlusion cuff, as used to measure blood pressure.
Advantages of FMSF method
- useful for assessing circulatory status by comparing the vascular response to reactive hyperemia (PORH) to the resting state (before occlusion),
- suitable for assessing the degree of ischemia and reperfusion in skin cells depending on blood flow in the vessels,
- useful for assessing the progress and remission of microcirculation disorders, metabolic regulation and vascular complications,
- optimal for the observation of microcirculation oscillations, the amplitude and frequency of which may signal irregularities in the microcirculation,
- helpful for monitoring vascular circulation disorders and selecting individualized forms of therapy.
The FMSF method enables disorders to be detected at an early stage of development and monitoring of the treatment process. It helps to identify patients in possible need of preventive or therapeutic interventions, who may be referred for further diagnosis.
The FMSF method has intellectual property protection, including in the following countries: EU, USA, Canada, China, Japan, Australia, Russia.
The FMSF method has intellectual property protection, including in the following countries: EU, USA, Canada, China, Japan, Australia, Russia.
The first test implemented by Angionica is the FMSF–PORH test (Flow Mediated Skin Fluorescence–Post-Occlusive Reactive Hyperemia), which is used to assess microvascular circulation (vascular endothelial function) based on circulatory stimulation in response to induced reactive hyperemia (PORH). The test makes it possible to assess levels of both contraction and vasodilation and to follow the kinetics of changes in response to reactive hyperemia. In general, the FMSF-PORH test enables identification of patients requiring prophylactic or therapeutic interventions, and more accurate and complex diagnostic tests. It also facilitates monitoring of the treatment process, the influence of drugs on the condition of vessels and the effects of training and physical exertion on overall health.
Main parts of a typical trace recorded for an individual patient using AngioExpert
- Baseline – collected for 3 min (or 4 min if unstable).
- Ischemic response (IR) – 3 min occlusion with cuff inflated to 60 mmHg above systolic blood pressure, resulting in an increase of NADH fluorescence.
- Hyperemic response (HR) caused by releasing pressure in the occlusion cuff – NADH fluorescence decreases below the baseline, reaching a minimum followed by a return to the baseline.
- Hyperemic response (HR) with two distinct phases:
1) hyperemia – related to a sharp drop in NADH fluorescence for 20–30 s;
2) reperfusion – a much slower return to the baseline.
Definition of measured parameters
Hyperemic response parameters HRmax and HRindex express changes in NADH fluorescence (mainly from the keratinocytes in the epidermis) and determine the metabolic reaction of the skin cells to hyperemia and reperfusion.
Ischemic response parameters IRmax and IRindex express changes in NADH fluorescence (mainly from keratinocytes in the epidermis) and determine the sensitivity of skin cells to hypoxia caused by blocking blood flow in the forearm. This sensitivity is determined primarily by the efficiency of oxygen transport to the epidermal cells just before occlusion.
Interpretation of the measured parameters
- HRmax refers to the efficacy of oxygen supply to the epidermis during hyperemia via skin microcirculation and can be treated as an indirect measure of NO bioavailability in the microcirculation.
- HRindex refers to the recovery of metabolic status in the epidermis following hyperemia caused by the release of pressure in the occlusion cuff.
- HRmax and HRindex are key parameters demonstrating the diagnostic power of the FMSF technique.
- Parameters IRmax and IRindex are sensitive to deviations from the measurement procedure and carry auxiliary diagnostic significance.
- Microvascular oscillations on the baseline and the hyperemic response line express the efficacy of vascular-metabolic regulation related to microvascular dermal flow. A weakening of their amplitude and changes in frequency may indicate the presence of microvascular dysfunction.
Threshold values of the key parameters for diabetes
Based on the results of tests and experiments, threshold values have been established indicating serious disorders in microvascular and metabolic regulation and signaling the risk of vascular complications in diabetes patients.
The HRindex parameter has particularly high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for assessing the risk of developing vascular complications:
| HRindex > 13% | low risk |
| 8% < HRindex < 13% | moderate risk |
| HRindex < 8% | high risk |
The FMSF technique enables early diagnosis of dysfunction and disturbances in vascular circulation and metabolic regulation. It is therefore suitable for monitoring diabetes at intervals adjusted to the individual patient’s needs and on the basis of medical consultations. The FMSF method is applicable to both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The manufacturer recommends repeating the test annually or more frequently when significant changes in the HRindex parameter are observed, subject to medical advice.
Advantages of the FMSF technique
- enables early diagnosis of dysfunctional vascular circulation,
- identifies diabetic patients at risk of vascular complications at an early stage,
- assesses the risk of metabolic disorders in patients with type 1 diabetes,
- assesses the risk of serious cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes,
- is recommended for monitoring patients with diabetes over time to enable early identification of dysfunction and disturbances in vascular circulation and metabolic regulation.
The FMSF-HS test allows assessment of microcirculatory status based on analysis of oscillations observed at baseline and reperfusion of the signal derived from changes in NADH fluorescence in response to induced reactive hyperemia (PORH).
Oscillations in the microcirculation, known as flowmotion, are a well-recognized characteristic of cutaneous blood flow. Since flowmotion reflects the microcirculatory status of the vascular system, which is frequently impaired in many diseases and disorders, a quantitative assessment of skin flowmotion could be used to screen for early symptoms of such conditions. Skin flowmotion can be monitored closely and precisely using the FMSF technique, as there is very low noise in the recorded FMSF traces.
Since NADH fluorescence is sensitive to the supply of oxygen to the epidermis via skin microcirculation, use of the FMSF technique to monitor flowmotion appears to be a unique tool for the characterization of microcirculatory status.
Microcirculatory oscillations in the recorded FMSF signal are analyzed in three major frequency intervals, namely ≤ 0.021 Hz, 0.021 – 0.052 Hz, and 0.052 – 0.15 Hz, which correspond to endothelial (endo), neurogenic (neuro), and myogenic (myo) activity, respectively.
In addition, the strength of the oscillations, the so-called Power Spectral Density (PSD) is determined. PSD is strongly correlated with the FM and FM(R) values. FM and FM(R) represent the mean deviations of the fluorescence signal (amplified 106 times) from the polynomial function fitted to the oscillatory curve at baseline and reperfusion, respectively. FM and FM(R) remain unitless values because the fluorescence changes were normalized in the algorithm used in the program.
In summary, the following quantitative measures of oscillations have been defined:
Four ranges of HS values describing distinguishable levels of microvascular function (very low, low, moderate and high) are determined:
Oscillations in the microcirculation, known as flowmotion, are a well-recognized characteristic of cutaneous blood flow. Since flowmotion reflects the microcirculatory status of the vascular system, which is frequently impaired in many diseases and disorders, a quantitative assessment of skin flowmotion could be used to screen for early symptoms of such conditions. Skin flowmotion can be monitored closely and precisely using the FMSF technique, as there is very low noise in the recorded FMSF traces.
Since NADH fluorescence is sensitive to the supply of oxygen to the epidermis via skin microcirculation, use of the FMSF technique to monitor flowmotion appears to be a unique tool for the characterization of microcirculatory status.
Flowmotion parameters
Two different periods of oscillations can be distinguished in the FMSF signal:- basal oscillations at rest,
- flowmotion during the reperfusion stage.
Microcirculatory oscillations in the recorded FMSF signal are analyzed in three major frequency intervals, namely ≤ 0.021 Hz, 0.021 – 0.052 Hz, and 0.052 – 0.15 Hz, which correspond to endothelial (endo), neurogenic (neuro), and myogenic (myo) activity, respectively.
In addition, the strength of the oscillations, the so-called Power Spectral Density (PSD) is determined. PSD is strongly correlated with the FM and FM(R) values. FM and FM(R) represent the mean deviations of the fluorescence signal (amplified 106 times) from the polynomial function fitted to the oscillatory curve at baseline and reperfusion, respectively. FM and FM(R) remain unitless values because the fluorescence changes were normalized in the algorithm used in the program.
In summary, the following quantitative measures of oscillations have been defined:
- FM – a parameter characterizing basal flowmotion at rest,
- FM(R) – a parameter representing flowmotion during the reperfusion phase, which reflects the strong effect of hypoxia on flowmotion, mainly due to the increased activity of the vessels. This parameter enables the assessment of vascular wall stiffness,
- HS(Hypoxia Sensitivity) - a direct measure of the intensity of flowmotion related to myogenic oscillations (0.052 – 0.15 Hz) recorded during reperfusion.
Hypoxia Sensitivity parameter (HS)
Myogenic oscillations are stimulated on the reperfusion line after transient ischemia, which is achieved by restricting blood flow in the brachial artery using an occlusion cuff. Since the HS (Hypoxia Sensitivity) parameter measures the intensity of flowmotion, it is well-suited for quantitative characterization of the microcirculatory response to hypoxia. The HS parameter describing the microcirculatory response to hypoxia has been found to depend on age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, and CVD.Four ranges of HS values describing distinguishable levels of microvascular function (very low, low, moderate and high) are determined:
| high | HS ⩾ 100 |
| moderate | 30 ≤ HS < 100 |
| low | 10 ≤ HS < 30 |
| very low | HS < 10 |
Intended uses
- assessment of microcirculation dysfunction in diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension,
- prognosis of the healing process in chronic wounds (including diabetic foot ulcers),
- assessment of physical exercise tolerance in amateur and competitive sports,
- assessment of adaptation to high altitudes,
- identification of patients in possible need of preventive or therapeutic interventions.
Summary
The FMSF technique appears to be uniquely suited to the analysis of basal flowmotion and its hypoxia response, and may be used for characterization of microcirculatory status. The FMSF technique enables disorders to be detected at an early stage of development and facilitates monitoring of the treatment process.Publications:
- Gebicki J., Marcinek A., Zielinski J. Assessment of Microcirculatory Status Based on Stimulation of Myogenic Oscillations by Transient Ischemia: From Health to Disease. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2021; 17: 33-36. doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S292087
- Gebicki J., Katarzynska J. Marcinek A. Can efficient stimulation of myogenic microcirculatory oscillations by transient ischemia predict low incidence of COVID-19 infection? Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2021; 286: 103618. doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2021.103618
- Pajkowski M., Tarnawska M., Michnowska A., Hellmann M. Zastosowanie pomiaru fluorescencji NADH w ocenie mikrokrążenia. Choroby Serca i Naczyń 2020; 17(1): 65-69. doi.org/10.5603/ChSiN.2020.0002
- Pajkowski M., Chlebus K., Hellmann M. Microvascular endothelial dysfunction in a young patient with familial hypercholesterolemia. Pol Arch Intern Med. 2020; 130(7-8): 679-680. doi.org/10.20452/pamw.15411 PMID: 32491301.
- Liszewska A., Robak E., Bernacka M., Bogaczewicz J., Woźniacka A. Methotrexate use and NAD+/NADH metabolism in psoriatic keratinocytes. Postepy Dermatol Alergol. 2020; 37(1): 19-22. doi.org/10.5114/ada.2020.93379 PMID: 32467678; PMCID: PMC7247064.
- Rechciński T. ,Cieślik-Guerra U., Siedlecki P., Uznańska-Loch B., Trzos E., Wierzbowska-Drabik K., Szymczyk E., Wejner-Mik P., Kurpesa M., Lipiec P., Kasprzak J.D. Flow-mediated skin fluorescence: A novel method for the estimation of sleep apnea risk in healthy persons and cardiac patients. Cardiol. J. 2020; doi.org/10.5603/CJ.a2020.0139
- Bugaj O., Kusy K., Kantanista A., Korman P., Wieliński D., Zieliński J. The Effect of a 7-Week Training Period on Changes in Skin NADH Fluorescence in Highly Trained Athletes. Appl. Sci. 2020; 10: 5133; doi.org/10.3390/app10155133
- Gebicki J., Katarzynska J., Marcinek A. Can the microcirculatory response to hypoxia be a prognostic factor for Covid-19? Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2020; 280: 103478; doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2020.103478
- Katarzynska J., Cholewinski T., Sieron L., Marcinek A., Gebicki J. Flowmotion Monitored by Flow Mediated Skin Fluorescence (FMSF): A Tool for Characterization of Microcirculatory Status. Front. Physiol. 2020; 11: 702; doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00702
- Niziński J., Kamieniarz L., Filberek P., Sibrecht G., Guzik P. Monitoring the skin NADH changes during ischaemia and reperfusion in humans. J. Med. Sci. 2020; 89: e405; doi.org/10.20883/medical.405
- Katarzynska J., Borkowska A., Los A., Marcinek A., Cypryk K., Gebicki J. Flow-Mediated Skin Fluorescence (FMSF) technique for studying vascular complications in type 2 diabetes. J. Diabetes Sci. Technol. 2020; 14: 693-694; doi.org/110.1177/1932296819895544
- Majewski S., Szewczyk K., Białas A. J., Miłkowska-Dymanowska J., Kurmanowska Z., Górski P. Assessment of microvascular function in vivo using flow mediated skin fluorescence (FMSF) in patients with obstructive lung diseases: A preliminary study. Microvasc. Res. 2020; 127: 103914; doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103914
- Bogaczewicz J., Tokarska K., Wozniacka A. Changes of NADH fluorescence from the skin of patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Biomed Res. Int. 2019: 5897487; doi.org/10.1155/2019/5897487
- Katarzynska J., Lipinski Z., Cholewinski T., Piotrowski L., Dworzynski W., Urbaniak M., Borkowska A., Cypryk K., Purgal R., Marcinek A., Gebicki J. Non-invasive evaluation and metabolic regulation using flow mediated skin fluorescence (FMSF): Technical aspects and methodology. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2019; 90: 104104; doi.org/10.1063/1.5092218
- Bugaj O., Zielinski J., Kusy K., Kantanista A., Wielinski D., Guzik P. The effect of exercise on the skin content of the reduced form of NAD and its response to transient ischemia and reperfusion in highly trained athletes. Front. Physiol. 2019; 10: 600; doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.00600
- Katarzynska J., Borkowska A., Czajkowski P., Los A., Szczerbinski L., Milewska-Kranc A., Marcinek A., Kretowski, A., Cypryk K., Gebicki J. Flow Mediated Skin Fluorescence technique reveals remarkable effect of age on microcirculation and metabolic regulation in type 1 diabetes. Microvasc. Res. 2019; 124: 19-24; doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2019.02.005
- Tarnawska M., Dorniak K., Kaszubowski M., Dudziak M., Hellmann M. A pilot study with flow mediated skin fluorescence: A novel device to assess microvascular endothelial function in coronary artery disease. Cardiol. J. 2018; 25: 120-127; doi.org/10.5603/CJ.a2017.0096
- Sibrecht G., Bugaj O., Filberek P., Nizinski J., Kusy K., Zielinski J., Guzik P. Flow-mediated skin fluorescence method for non-invasive measurement of the NADH at 460 nm – a possibility to assess the mitochondrial function. Post. Biol. Komórki 2017; 44: 333-352
- Woźniacka A., Tokarska K., Bogaczewicz J. Zmienność fluorescencji zredukowanej formy koenzymu NADH w toczniu rumieniowatym i twardzinie układowej. Prz. Dermatol. 2017; 104: 206
- Hellmann M., Tarnawska M., Dudziak M., Dorniak K. Roustil M., Cracowski J.-L. Validation of flow mediated skin fluorescence: a new technique to assess microvascular function in coronary artery disease. J. Vasc. Res. 2017; 54 (S1): 34
- Hellmann M., Tarnawska M., Dudziak M., Dorniak K., Roustit M., Cracowski J.-L. Reproducibility of flow mediated skin fluorescence to assess microvascular function. Microvasc. Res. 2017; 113: 60-64; doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2017.05.004
- Tarnawska M., Dudziak M., Hellmann M. Zastosowanie pookluzyjnej reakcji przekrwiennej w ocenie funkcji śródbłonka mikrokrążenia. Chor. Serca Naczyń. 2016; 13: 429-433
- Piotrowski L., Urbaniak M., Jedrzejczak B., Marcinek A., Gebicki J. Flow mediated skin fluorescence – A novel technique for evaluation of cutaneous microcirculation. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2016; 87: 036111; doi.org/10.1063/1.4945044
Conferences:
- Gębicki J. Nowa, nieinwazyjna metoda badania zaburzeń krążenia oraz regulacji metabolicznej (FMSF) u chorych z cukrzycą. XXI Zjazd Naukowy Polskiego Towarzystwa Diabetologicznego, Poland, Łódź, 27-29 August 2020 (certificate)
- Gębicki J. Diagnostics potential od FMSF technique for diabetes. ATTD Advanced Technologies & Treatments for Diabetes, Madrid, Spain, 19-22 February 2020
- Rechciński T. Autofluorescencja skóry – nowatorska metoda szacowania ryzyka sennego bezdechu u osób zdrowych i pacjentów obciążonych kardiologicznie. Kasprowisko 2019: XXV Konferencja Szkoleniowa i XXI Konferencja Wspólna Sekcji Elektrokardiologii Nieinwazyjnej i Telemedycyny oraz ISHNE, Zakopane, 6-9 marca 2019
- Rechcinski T., Cieslik-Guerra U., Siedlecki P., Uznanska-Loch B., Wierzbowska-Drabik K., Szymczyk E., Wejner-Mik P., Kurpesa M., Piotrowski L., Marcinek A., Gebicki J. Kasprzak J.D. Flow-mediated skin fluorescence – a novel screening tool for cardiovascular risk. European Society of Cardiology, ESC Munich, Germany, 25-28 August 2018. Eur. Heart J. 2018; 39 (suppl.): 899; doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.P4459
- Kantanista, A., Bugaj, O., Kusy, K., Guzik, P., Wielinski, D., Zielinski, J. Exercise until exhaustion changes the skin content of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in highly-trained elite athletes. 23rd annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Dublin, Ireland, 4-7 July 2018
- Nizinski J., Filberek P., Sibrecht G., Krauze T., Kusy K., Piskorski J., Wykretowicz A., Guzik P. Skin fluorescence response to forearm ischemia and reperfusion is related to body mass index in healthy people. 28th European Meeting on Hypertension and Cardiovascular Protection. ECS Barcelona, Spain, 8-11 June 2018. J. Hypertens. 2018; 36 (suppl.) p e200; doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000539558.10567.f1
- Sibrecht G., Nizinski J., Filberek P., Zielinski J., Kusy K., Krauze T., Piskorski J., S. Michalak, A. Wykretowicz, P. Guzik. Non-invasive in vivo human model of the involvement of human epidermal mitochondria in the early post-ischaemic. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Biology, ESC Vienna, Austria, 20-22 April 2018. Cardiovasc. Res. 2018; 114(suppl_1): S75; doi:10.1093/cvr/cvy060.208
- Filberek P., Nizinski J., Sibrecht G., Krauze T., Zielinski J., Kusy K., Piskorski J., Michalak S., Wykretowicz A., Guzik P. Sex differences in the flow-mediated epidermal fluorescence during forearm ischemia and reperfusion. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Biology, ESC Vienna, Austria, 20-22 April 2018. Cardiovasc. Res. 2018; 114(suppl_1): S42; doi:10.1093/cvr/cvy060.121
- Piotrowski Ł., Lipiński Z., Cholewiński T., Dworzyński W., Purgał R., Marcinek A., Gębicki J. Technika Flow Mediated Skin Fluorescence: co mierzy AngioExpert i w jaki sposób działa. Seminarium Naukowe JCET, Kraków, 19 grudnia 2017
- Woźniacka A., Tokarska K., Bogaczewicz J. Zmienność fluorescencji zredukowanej formy koenzymu NADH w toczniu rumieniowatym i twardzinie układowej. Polska Akademia Dermatologii i Wenerologii, XI Sympozjum Naukowo-Szkoleniowe PTD, Serock, 11–13 maja 2017
- Hellmann M., Tarnawska M., Dudziak M., Dorniak K., Roustit M. Validation of flow mediated skin fluorescence: a new technique to assess microvascular function in artery disease. 25th Kraków Conference on Endothelium, Kraków, 20–21 October 2017
- Tokarska K., Bogaczewicz J., Woźniacka A. Variability of NADH fluorescence measured with AngioExpert after locally applied anthraline in patients with psoriasis. Targeting Mitochondria World Congress, Berlin, Germany, 23–24 October 2017
- Woźniacka A., Bogaczewicz J., Tokarska K. Mitochondrial function in vivo evaluated by NADH fluorescence in the skin reveals difference in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. European Academy of Dermatology and Venerology, ESC Geneva, Switzerland, 13-17 September 2017
- Hellmann M., Tarnawska M., Dudziak M., Dorniak K., Roustit M., Cracowski J.-L. Validation of Flow Mediated Skin Fluorescence: a new technique to assess microvascular function in coronary artery disease. 2nd Joint Meeting of the European Society for Microcirculation (ESM) and European Vascular Biology Organisation (EVBO), ESM-EVBO 2017, Geneva, Switzerland, 29 May–1 June 2017. J. Vasc. Res. 2017; 54 (S1): 34; doi:10.1159/000471944
- Woźniacka A., Tokarska K., Bogaczewicz J. Zmienność fluorescencji zredukowanej formy koenzymu NADH w toczniu rumieniowatym i twardzinie układowej. Polska Akademia Dermatologii i Wenerologii, XI Sympozjum Naukowo-Szkoleniowe PTD, Serock, 11–13 maja 2017
- Piotrowski Ł., Lipiński Z., Cholewiński T., Dworzyński W., Purgał R., Marcinek A., Gębicki J. Rozwój techniki FMSF w kierunku konstrukcji urządzenia komercyjnego do wczesnej diagnostyki dysfunkcji śródbłonka naczyniowego, VII Seminarium JCET, Wierchomla Mała, 19-21 maja 2016
- Interdyscyplinarne Seminarium Naukowe „Ocena mikrokrążenia techniką FMSF: aspekty techniczne, metodyczne i kliniczne” Łódź, 8 kwietnia 2017
- Lipiński Z., Cholewiński T., Pugrał R., Dworzyński W., Piotrowski Ł., Marcinek A., Gębicki J. Zasada i wybrane aspekty techniczne pomiaru fluorescencji NADH w naskórku. Firma ZL, Ultra-Viol s. c., Angionica Sp. z o. o.
- Purgał M., Janiak K. Projekt wzorniczy stanowiska badawczego AngioExpert. Ultra-Viol s.c.
- Piotrowski Ł., Lipiński Z., Cholewiński T., Pugrał R., Dworzyński W., Marcinek A., Gębicki J. Technika FMSF: co mierzymy i jak interpretować wyniki badań. Angionica Sp. z o. o., Firma ZL, Ultra-Viol s. c.
- Tarnawska M., Dorniak K., Hellmann M. Walidacja kliniczna techniki FMSF w ocenie mikrokrążenia u pacjentów z chorobą wieńcową oraz niewydolnością serca. Zakład Diagnostyki Chorób Serca, Gdański Uniwersytet Medyczny
- Siedlecki P., Rechciński T. Protokół badania: Autofluorescencja skóry jako przesiewowa metoda oceny ryzyka kardiologicznego u osób poniżej 40 roku życia oraz narzędzie do badania efektów terapii zabiegowej pacjentów z chorobą wieńcową lub stenozą aortalną. Katedra i Klinika Kardiologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi
- Wierzbowska-Drabik K. Zakres danych kardiologicznych nt. ochotników i pacjentów uczestniczących w badaniu: Autofluorescencja skóry jako przesiewowa metoda oceny ryzyka kardiologicznego u osób poniżej 40 roku życia oraz narzędzie do badania efektów terapii zabiegowej pacjentów z chorobą wieńcową lub stenozą aortalną. Katedra i Klinika Kardiologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi
- Woźniacka A., Tokarska K., Bogaczewicz J. Badanie fluorescencji NADH w ocenie mitochondriów skóry w wykwitach łuszczycowych. Katedra i Klinika Dermatologii i Wenerologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi
- Tokarska K., Woźniacka A., Bogaczewicz J. Wpływ metforminy na fluorescencję NADH w skórze – opis przypadku. Katedra i Klinika Dermatologii i Wenerologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi
- Bogaczewicz J., Tokarska K., Woźniacka A. Ocena mitochondriów skóry w oparciu o pomiar fluorescencji NADH w toczniu rumieniowatym układowym i twardzinie układowej. Katedra i Klinika Dermatologii i Wenerologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi
- Kusy K., Wieliński D., Bugaj O., Kantanista A., Korman P., Zieliński J. Mikrokrążenie ocenione metodą FMSF u zawodników klasy mistrzowskiej reprezentujących różne dyscypliny sportowe. Zakład Lekkiej Atletyki i Przygotowania Motorycznego, Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego w Poznaniu
- Zieliński J., Kantanista A., Bugaj O., Wieliński D., Korman P., Kusy K. Wpływ maksymalnego wysiłku fizycznego na mikrokrążenie ocenione metodą FMSF u zawodników klasy mistrzowskiej reprezentujących różne dyscypliny sportowe. Zakład Lekkiej Atletyki i Przygotowania Motorycznego, Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego w Poznaniu
- Bugaj O., Kusy K., Kantanista A., Wieliński D., Korman P., Zieliński J. Związek mikrokrążenia ocenionego metodą FMSF z wydolnością tlenową u zawodników klasy mistrzowskiej reprezentujących różne dyscypliny sportowe. Zakład Lekkiej Atletyki i Przygotowania Motorycznego, Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego w Poznaniu
Product
AngioExpert
is a medical device which uses the FMSF-PORH method to evaluate microvascular circulation.
AngioExpert
is intended for non-invasive monitoring of microcirculation, metabolic regulation and vascular complications in diabetes.
INNOVATIVE DEVICE
NEW METHOD
NON-INVASIVE TEST
IMMEDIATE RESULTS
The prototype device was equipped with a xenon flash lamp as a source of exciting light and a photomultiplier tube as the fluorescence detector. The optical head of the AngioExpert is now based on photodiode technology. Two diodes are used, the first as a source of exciting light (LED) and the second as a fluorescence detector. A set of filters incorporated into the optical head ensures proper selection of excitation light for NADH (340 nm) and detection of fluorescence (460 nm). This solution allows for enhanced miniaturization and reduced signal noise.
About us
Angionica Ltd. is a spin-off company whose main goal is the implementation of the innovative Flow Mediated Skin Fluorescence (FMSF) method developed by Lodz University of Technology (TUL) and the Jagiellonian University (UJ).
FMSF is a new diagnostic method based on photodiode technology, protected by international patents in the world’s major markets.
The FMSF technique is intended for use in everyday clinical practice to assess microvascular circulation and disorders caused by lifestyle-related diseases.
ISO 13485:2016
Angionica Ltd. has implemented and maintains Quality management system in accordance with PN-EN ISO 13485:2016-04 – Medical devices – Quality management systems – Requirements for regulatory purposes.
MDD 93/42/EEC
Angionica Ltd. has established a quality system for design, production and final testing of AngioExpert according to the requirements of the Medical Device Directive 93/42/EEC.
Funding
Contact
Address:
Angionica Ltd.
Żeromskiego Street 116, bldg. A-24
90-924 Lodz, Poland
Email:
Phone
42 631 30 81 (83)
REGON: 361456370
NIP: 7262656550
KRS: 0000557122